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How Fighting Changed Men’s Faces. How Prehistoric Punch-ups Shaped How Humans Look Today



Men have evolved to take a punch in the face, Our male ancestors may have developed more robust brows, jaws, cheeks, and molars for protection during fights over mates, food, and other resources. Parts of the face that have become stronger are the ones that most frequently break when modern humans fight. It rather puts on its ear our notion that prehistoric men fought more than modern men. Here is the article.


New study suggests facial features evolved to protect our ancestors from injury


Monday 09 June 2014
Bare-knuckle fighting helped to shape the human face which evolution has designed to minimise the damage inflicted by a fast-moving fist, according to a radical new theory about how violence changed the way we looked compared to our ape-like ancestors.
The transition in facial structure from apes to early hominins had previously been explained largely by the need to chew on nuts and other hard foods that needed crushing which led to a robust jaw, large molar teeth, a prominent brow and strong cheek muscles.
However, scientists have devised another plausible explanation based on the need for the face to be buttressed against the impact of flying fists which had become a principal weapon in unarmed combat between competing males.
“We suggest that many of the facial features that characterise early hominins evolved to protect the face from injury during fighting with fists,” said David Carrier and Michael Morgan in a study published in the journal Biological Reviews.
The researchers analysed the facial bone structures of a number of hominins, such as an early human ancestor known as Australopithecus, and compared them to apes and modern man. They found that the parts of the face that changed most were the ones most likely to be damaged in a fist fight.
They also found that these changes in facial anatomy closely coincided with the ability of the early hominins to clench their fists and to use them as swinging clubs in a fight – a key tactical change from the biting and scratching preferred by fighting apes.





The stronger facial bones of the australopiths (second and third rows) appeared at the same time that our ancestors learned to clench their fists, before declining along with upper body strength.


“Compared to apes like chimps and gorillas, early hominins had very robust jaws, with large molar teeth and strong jaw muscles. They also have very stout cheek bones and brow ridges,” said David Carrier of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.
“The australopiths were characterised by a suite of traits that may have improved fighting ability, including hand proportions that allow formation of a fist, effectively turning the delicate musculoskeletal system of the hand into a club for striking,” Dr Carrier said.
“If indeed the evolution of our hand proportions were associated with selection for fighting behaviour you might expect the primary target, the face, to have undergone evolution to better protect it from injury when punched,” he said.
With his colleague Mike Morgan, a medical doctor at Utah University, Dr Carrier analysed the facial bones that were most likely to be fractured in fights between modern humans and found that these were the same bones that were most likely to have been changed during human evolution.
“When modern humans fight the face is the primary target. The bones of the face that suffer the highest rates of fracture from fights are the bones that show the greatest increase in robusticity during the evolution of early bipedal apes, the australopiths,” Dr Carrier said.
“These are also the bones that show the greatest difference between women and men in both australopiths and modern humans,” he said.
The gender differences in facial bones supports the view that they evolved to buttress the face against flying fists given that fights between males are more common than those between females.
“In other words, male and female faces are different because the parts of the skull that break in fights are bigger in males,” he said.
“In both apes and humans, males are much more violent than females and most male violence is directed at other males. Because males are the primary target of violence, one would expect more protective buttressing in males and that is what we find,” he added.
The large, thickly enamelled molar teeth of australopiths may have allowed the energy of an upward blow to the jaw, for instance, to be transferred from the lower jaw to the skull, allowing the energy to be absorbed with the help of jaw muscles, the scientists suggested.

“What our research has been showing is that many of the anatomical characters of great apes and our ancestors, the early hominins – such as bipedal posture, the proportions of our hands and the shape of our faces – do in fact improve fighting performance,” Dr Carrier said.


Patti Wood, MA, Certified Speaking Professional - The Body Language Expert. For more body language insights go to her website at www.PattiWood.net. Check out Patti's website for her new book "SNAP, Making the Most of First Impressions, Body Language and Charisma" at www.snapfirstimpressions.com. Also check out Patti's YouTube channel at http://youtube.com/user/bodylanguageexpert.

Five Surprising Facts About Love at First Sight, Recent Research on Love at First Sight

There's still a lot about love and sex that can't be easily quantified. Studies show "love at first sight" is real.
Dr. Earl Naumann, author of  Love at First Sight, interviewed and surveyed 1500 individuals of all races, religions, and backgrounds across America, and concluded that love at first sight is not a rare experience. What's more, Dr. Naumann theorizes that if you believe in love at first sight, there's a roughly 60 percent chance it will happen to you. Here's what led him to that conclusion.
1.      Nearly two thirds of the population believes in love at first sight.
2.      Of the believers, more than half have experienced it.
3.      Fifty-five percent of those who experienced it married the object of their affection.
4.      Three quarters of these married couples stayed married.
5.      How can you increase the chance love at first sight happens to you? By believing in it studies have found that partners who fell in love at first sight, in comparison to partners who got involved more gradually, entered into intimate relationships more quickly after they met and had mates with less similar personalities especially with regard to levels of extraversion, emotional stability and autonomy This, however, did not necessarily lead to a low relationship quality, as the positive impact of the first impression can compensate for the superficial manner of choosing the partner (Barelds & Barelds-Dijkstra, 2007; Sunnafrank & Ramirez, 2004).

Patti Wood, MA, Certified Speaking Professional - The Body Language Expert. For more body language insights go to her website at www.PattiWood.net. Check out Patti's website for her new book "SNAP, Making the Most of First Impressions, Body Language and Charisma" at www.snapfirstimpressions.com. Also check out Patti's YouTube channel at http://youtube.com/user/bodylanguageexpert.

Beyonce & Jay Z - A New Love Show



Jay Z tried to get frisky with Beyonce onstage during their On the Run tour.  According to Patti, his body language says "She belongs to me sexually."  Beyonce is rebuffing him as her whole body is closed off and her hand is blocking his heart from hers.

Patti gives this "Cold Shoulder" couple a 2 on the True Love Rating Scale for Life & Style.

In a more private setting, Beyonce seems to welcome Jay's advances.  She is actually pressing her rear end up into him to communicate that.

Patti gives this "Drunk in Love" couple a 5 on the True Love Rating Scale for Life & Style.

Patti Wood, MA, Certified Speaking Professional - The Body Language Expert. For more body language insights go to her website at www.PattiWood.net. Check out Patti's website for her new book "SNAP, Making the Most of First Impressions, Body Language and Charisma" at www.snapfirstimpressions.com. Also check out Patti's YouTube channel at http://youtube.com/user/bodylanguageexpert.

What Science Says Makes You Sexy, 5 things that can make you look sexy and irresistable.

Here is a great article on “The science of sexy: 5  things that can make you irresistible.”
I always new as a women that I think funny men are very sexy. And that laughing at a mans jokes can make a women appear more sexy. Here are other attributes that make someone sexy.
The article is below here is the link to it on THE WEEK’S site.  http://theweek.com/article/index/262300/the-science-of-sexy-6-things-that-can-make-you-irresistible
From my favorite magazine called THE WEEK
Establish that you're hard to get in general — but very enthusiastic about the person you're with
By Eric Barker, Barking Up the Wrong Tree | June 10, 2014

If, unlike JT, you didn't bring sexy back, follow the rules below. (Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images)

1. Humor is sexy
Humor is attractive to men and women — but not in the same way. The research shows women like men who make them laugh, and men like women who laugh at their jokes.
Recent research suggests that while both men and women say they like a "good sense of humor" in a potential mate, they differ in what they mean by this phrase. Women tend to prefer men who make them laugh, whereas men tend to prefer women who laugh at their jokes.
Consistent with this, Robert Provine analyzed more than 3000 singles ads and found that women were more likely to describe their good humor appreciation ability whereas men were more likely to offer good humor production ability.

 Why is humor sexy? Funny people are smart, and smart is sexy.
Gil Greengross and Geoffrey Miller found in a sample of 400 university students that general intelligence and verbal intelligence both predicted humor production ability (writing captions for cartoons), which in turn predicted lifetime number of sexual partners (a proxy of reproductive success). They found, however, that males showed higher average levels of humor production ability, which is consistent with the sexual selection perspective. From these results, Greengross argues that a sense of humor evolved at least partly through sexual selection as an intelligence indicator.

So ladies can boost their attractiveness by chuckling a bit more.
And guys, you can garner more attention by learning how to make women laugh.
Men in the "humor" condition received phone numbers from 42.9 percent of the female participants and were refused 57.1 percent of the time. In comparison, men in the "no humor" condition were refused 84.6 percent of the time and were only accepted 15.4 percent of the time. In other words, men who were observed as the humor producers of the group were nearly three times as likely to receive a phone number than those who were observed as laughing at a friend's joke instead.

2. Being liked is sexy
Want to increase someone's interest in you? Might be worthwhile to make sure they find out you're interested in them.
Dr. Aron affirmed that the subjects' expectation that the other person was going to like them had a huge effect. "If you ask people about their experience of falling in love, over 90 percent will say that a major factor was discovering that the other person liked them," according to Dr. Aron.

This idea is affirmed by studying the effectiveness of "playing hard to get." What's the best way to play that game?
Establish that you're hard to get in general — but very enthusiastic about the person you're with.
As a result of the interviews, the researchers speculated that the best strategy would be to give a potential date the impression that in general you were hard to get (and therefore a scarce resource worth having) but really enthusiastic about him or her specifically. They tested this notion by using some of the same techniques… and found overwhelming evidence to support their hypothesis.

3. What you talk about is sexy
Random conversation with someone you're interested in can be a bad idea. Why? What you talk about can matter — a lot.
Emotional, personal information exchange promotes powerful feelings of connection.
Arthur Aron, a psychologist at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, is interested in how people form romantic relationships, and he's come up with an ingenious way of taking men and women who have never met before and making them feel close to one another. Given that he has just an hour or so to create the intimacy levels that typically take weeks, months, or years to form, he accelerated the getting-to-know-you process through a set of thirty-six questions crafted to take the participants rapidly from level one in McAdams's system to level two.

How effective is it? In under an hour it can create a connection stronger than a lifelong friendship.
What he found was striking. The intensity of the dialogue partners' bond at the end of the forty-five-minute vulnerability interaction was rated as closer than the closest relationship in the lives of 30 percent of similar students. In other words, the instant connections were more powerful than many long-term, even lifelong relationships.
That said, don't get so nervous about your words that you can't speak…
When a woman is very attracted to a man, whether his pickup line is good or not doesn't matter at all.
When women are looking for a short-term fling, however, it may be a different story. One study conducted on college students found that women favored men for a short-term fling if they found the men attractive regardless of the content of their pickup lines.

4. Personality is sexy
Conscientiousness is predictive of a number of very important positive elements in life.
Agreeable, conscientious people make better spouses and parents — but disagreeable, non-conscientious people have more sex partners. The former invest in quality, and it seems like the latter make up the difference in, well, volume.
Looking to settle down? Check if that person has their ducks in a row, is organized, and easy to get along with. That's marriage material.
Nettle and Clegg reported that in a sample of 545 people, men (but not women) with low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness tended to have a higher number of sexual partners. It has also been found cross-culturally, across 10 world regions, that low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness are related to higher levels of sexual promiscuity and relationship infidelity, so there may be reproductive benefits to those on the low end of these traits.

5. How they make you feel is sexy
Research shows we don't really fall in love with a person — we fall in love with how we feel when we're with them.
This is best demonstrated by the concept of emotional contagion: We're bad at telling what made us feel a certain way, but good about making associations.
Feeling excited, stimulated, and aroused is often associated with the people around us, even if they're not the cause.
This can be taken to extremes: having someone try to kill you can actually make you more attracted to them.
Those in the high-fear condition did show, for example, significantly more desire to kiss my confederate (one of the key questions) and wrote more romantic and sexual content into their stories. Looking at the details of these results, I found that the situation had generated, quite specifically, romantic attraction.

You might find the notion that we're just "feeling junkies" un-romantic, but this idea can save relationships and prevent divorce.
…if partners experience excitement from other sources (such as novel and challenging activities) in a shared context, this shared experience can reignite relationship passion by associating the excitement with the relationship. ["Marital Boredom Now Predicts Less Satisfaction 9 Years Later" from Psychological Science, Vol. 20, #5]

http://bodylanguagelady.blogspot.com/2014/05/men-find-women-more-attractive-with.html
http://bodylanguagelady.blogspot.com/2014/02/the-research-shows-anti-redhead.html
http://bodylanguagelady.blogspot.com/2010/09/attraction-tips-smiling-and-eye-contact.html


Patti Wood, MA, Certified Speaking Professional - The Body Language Expert. For more body language insights go to her website at www.PattiWood.net. Check out Patti's website for her new book "SNAP, Making the Most of First Impressions, Body Language and Charisma" at www.snapfirstimpressions.com. Also check out Patti's YouTube channel at http://youtube.com/user/bodylanguageexpert.

Apps: Has Disruptive Tech Gone Too Far?






Patti Wood, MA, Certified Speaking Professional - The Body Language Expert. For more body language insights go to her website at www.PattiWood.net. Check out Patti's website for her new book "SNAP, Making the Most of First Impressions, Body Language and Charisma" at www.snapfirstimpressions.com. Also check out Patti's YouTube channel at http://youtube.com/user/bodylanguageexpert.