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Ashlee and Evan are Closer Than Ever
At the start of their romance last year, when Ashlee Simpson and Evan Ross stepped out at Hollywood's Roosevelt Hotel, "there was a tremendous amount of distance," observes Patti. "They are not in sync and hadn't figured out how to handle the relationship."
Patti gives this "pulling away" couple a 2 on the Life & Style True Love Rating scale.
But on a shopping run this summer, the now-engaged pair are in step and they are showing a playful, comfortable ease with each other according to Patti.
Patti gives this "leaning in" couple a 5 on the Life & Style True Love Rating scale.
Patti Wood, MA, Certified Speaking Professional - The Body Language Expert. For more body language insights go to her website at www.PattiWood.net. Check out Patti's website for her new book "SNAP, Making the Most of First Impressions, Body Language and Charisma" at www.snapfirstimpressions.com. Also check out Patti's YouTube channel at http://youtube.com/user/bodylanguageexpert.
Can Body Language Indicate Personality Traits and Type?
Many of you know that I have been
researching the relationship between body language and the DISC personality
assessment for many years. After reading about movement analysis being used to
determine Putin’s decision making style I have been looking at some of the
newest research in personality and nonverbal communication. Here is a great
article on some of the research. I have several other articles if you search on
my blog for personality or DISC or gestures and speakers.
Note the yellow highlighted information.
The following article was posted on http://postnihilism.blogspot.com/2011/07/can-body-language-indicate-personality.html
Can Body Language Indicate Personality
Traits?
In
my previous discussion paper, “The Tarot as a Source of Ancient Personality
Theory”, one of the more interesting findings was that some characteristics of
the court cards, which are believed to represent people in your life, had to do
with the way people move, such as ‘graceful’, ‘swift’, ‘acute’, ‘slow’ and
‘clumsy’. As a result this researcher was lead to question whether personality
may actually be indicated in how a person moves and carries themselves.
However, current personality theory does not associate traits with physical
movement within any of the Five Factor Model of personality characteristics.
Even though people tend to use their first impressions about a person to make
quick judgments regarding personality, surprisingly little research is
available to further our understanding of how exactly this might work. In this
paper we will examine whether any current research on body language could lend
itself to personality theory and expand present knowledge in this area.
An interesting tool recently used in
assessment of personality and body language is Laban Movement Analysis. Created
by Rudolf Laban to describe interpret and document human movement for dancers,
actors, athletes and health professionals, LMA is also being incorporated by
psychologists into these theories by correlating movements with emotional state
and personality variables (Levy & Duke, 2003). LMA also takes a gender
based approach, finding subtle differences in the expression of particular
emotions between males and females. For example, in males anxiety may be
expressed by increased use of shrinking movements while dominance, achievement
and exhibitionism is expressed by decreased use of enclosing movements.
Females, in contrast, expressed anxiety by a decreased tendency to change back
and fourth between efforts and lack of emphasis in effort, as well as decreased
sagittal movements. Dominance and exhibition is expressed by a decreased use of
spreading movements. This indicates that there may be some subtle gender based
difference in emotional expression in body language.
Another study examined whether body
language could be linked to desire for control. In a study more than 700
participants were asked to sit and stand in a variety of positions (Rhoads,
2002). In addition, the same subjects completed need for control tests and the
results were correlated. Results indicated that people who crossed their arms
with the right arm in the dominant position, with the right shoulder elevated,
as well as which side they favor when they stand or sit was positively
correlated with desire for control. Highly controlling people are associated
with characteristics in the low agreeableness trait.
A very informative study covers a much
more holistic view of personality assessment based on body language.
Politicians giving speeches were transformed into animated stick figures and
shown to subjects, who rated the five personality factors of the figure based
on gestures (Koppensteiner & Grammer, 2010). Overall subjects were found to
be very adept at associating meaning to gestures and movements. Stick figures
with more low arm gesture activity interrupted with smaller periods of high
activity were regarded as more agreeable than stick figures with overall high
activity. High extraversion was associated with high overall activity and only
brief low activity periods. Stick figures with greater head movements were
considered less conscientious, more neurotic and less open compared to stick
figures with head movements with less amplitude. High openness was associated
with pronounced changes in movement direction, and round movements were
considered linked to less openness. Making smooth transitions in movement from
one activity peak to the next was associated with low neuroticism, whereas high
neuroticism was linked to sudden changes in gestures and making these changes
more often. Although further study is required to confirm if these traits are
consistent, it gives us considerable insight integrating particular movement
patterns with trait theory.
Overall we can start to see connections between body
language and personality. High extraversion seems to be connected to more
movement, broader, sweeping movements and increased saggital movement. High
neuroticism could be seen in shrinking, enclosing movements, decreased saggital
movement, more head movement and more sudden, jerky movement. Openness may be
linked with more profound changes in movement direction, and conscientiousness
with less head movements. Agreeableness may be linked to low periods of activity
with short periodic bursts of high activity, as well as displaying more
submissive body language such as crossing arms with the left arm dominant as
well as sitting and standing with the left shoulder favored relative to the
right.
Going
back to the original traits under consideration we could see swiftness as a
trait of high extraversion and slowness associated with low extraversion.
Graceful gestures could indicate a smoothness of movement linked to low
neuroticism. Finally, acute movement could also indicate increased confidence,
and hence low neuroticism, or it may indicate high neuroticism if gestures are
sharp and change frequently. It is surprising this has not been an area of more
intense research, since the research that has been done would seem to indicate
that this method of personality assessment is constantly employed by nearly
everyone, and deserves to be better understood.
References
Koppensteiner,
M. & Grammer, K. 2010. Motion patterns in political speech and their
influence on personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 44,
374-379.
Levy,
J. A. & Duke, M. P. 2003. The use of Laban Movement Analysis in the study
of personality, emotional state and movement style: An exploratory
investigation of the veridicality of “body language”. Individual Differences
Research, 1, 39-63.
Rhoads, S. A. 2002.
Using body language as a measurement of the personality trait of desire for
control. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and
Engineering, 63, 2996
Patti Wood, MA, Certified Speaking Professional - The Body Language Expert. For more body language insights go to her website at www.PattiWood.net. Check out Patti's website for her new book "SNAP, Making the Most of First Impressions, Body Language and Charisma" at www.snapfirstimpressions.com. Also check out Patti's YouTube channel at http://youtube.com/user/bodylanguageexpert.
Body Language Tips for an Expert Witness on the Stand
You are sitting in a hard chair on a raised platform being
asked question after question by a hard hitting attorney while a courtroom full
of people watch your every move. Welcome to the hot seat! As a physician
testifying as a defendant or serving as an expert witness, your experience on
the stand can be daunting. Understanding
how to use your nonverbal communication to feel confident and credible on the
stand will make a difference in the outcome.
Here are the keys to ensuring that your nonverbal
communication conveys the same message of impeccable integrity as your words.
It is important to know that how you hold your body can
actually change how you feel. You can influence how you look and feel on the
stand by consciously controlling your nonverbal cues.
Under stress the limbic brain normally makes us freeze,
flee, fight or faint or give up. Your body may react by freezing in place,
appear to be fleeing by pulling your body back, or folding your limbs in to
look small. Other reactions to stress may be to become tense and angry, going
limp and giving up. You can take steps to reduce those stress responses and
increase your credibility.
You want to be aware of the dance between you and the
opposing counsel, instead of being reactive to the opposing team’s attorney.
Use the following tips to be an effective credible witness.
Space
You want to look powerful, like a true
expert, but not appear arrogant. Instead of going still and getting small, take
up space and get big. When you need a shot of confidence put your arms on the
armrest of your chair, or stretch out your feet a bit. Research says that women on the stand tend to
perch, on the edge of the seat arching their backs, making them look less
powerful. Men tend to slouch, relying more on the backrest, making them appear
disrespectful. Purposefully vary your position to be in control, but when you
feel stressed, get big.
Openness
Imagine that there are “windows” on the front of your body, the
windows of the knees,
pelvis, heart, mouth, eyes, and palms of the hands. These body windows can be
open or closed. You want to keep your windows open to look honest and unafraid.
The most important window for credibly is the palms of the hands. The limbic
brain of the viewer senses danger and dishonesty when the palms of someone’s
hands are hidden. Keep your hands open and in
view on the table or the arms of the chair. Gesture normally, but don’t use
sharp, cutting or poking motions that can be read as symbolic weapons.
Stay Up
When you’re confident and honest your gestures move up, your head
comes up, your shoulders come up and back, you sit and move in a way that
directs your energy upward.
People who are afraid and or are lying have difficulty moving and
staying up.
Get Grounded
When people are nervous, they tend to either move a lot or freeze.
Here’s a trick: when you’re in the thick of the most difficult questions, and
want to achieve the highest levels of cognition, place both feet firmly on the
ground slightly apart. This placement
actually makes it easier to utilize both hemispheres of the brain
— the rational and the creative-emotional. If you feel yourself freeze, move
your feet apart and/or forward to feel strong.
Lean into It
We tend to pull back when we are fearful or offended by a
question. Lean forward as you listen to show you are interested and confident.
You can lean forward with your head, your upper torso, or your whole body to
show you are connecting to what the lawyer is saying and you are not afraid.
Lean in when you are being questioned by your team to show respect. But don’t
overdo it, you’re not trying to “get in their face.” So don’t lean forward
quickly or aggressively, just aim for gentle timely leans.
Speak with Strength
Everyone, but especially women, should be sure that their voices
stay strong until the end of each sentences. Going up high in pitch at the end
of your sentences makes you sound unsure of yourself. Practice answering
questions with a confident voice going down in pitch, steady and strong in
volume, to the end of your sentences.
Match Your Movement and Your Words
Make sure your gestures and movements match what you are saying.
If you say “That is accurate” and shake your head “no” the jury will believe
your body language, not your words. Be careful of being too scripted or
automatic. If your emotion and facial expressions and gestures do not match you
seem inauthentic.
Keep Your Hands Away
From Your Face
Be careful of showing “stress cues.” When we are feeling stressed the nerve
endings fire at the tip of the nose, edge of the ears, around the mouth, and
eyes. You may have an urge to touch or rub your face. Don’t! It makes you look uncertain or
dishonest. If you need to comfort yourself, briefly place a hand on your leg
out of view which will help you feel anchored.
Mind Your Mouth
The mouth
is the source of truth and lies. Avoid licking your lips or pressing your lips
tightly together. Keep hydrated and keep your lips relaxed.
Giving a
deposition or testifying in a trial is an experience that is part of being an
EM physician. Knowing the nonverbal
messages that people use to ascertain whether you are telling the truth will
help ensure that you are perceived as being the credible witness that you are.
Ms. Patti Wood, MA, CSP is a body language consultant and
professional speaker, and the author of eight books, including “Success Signals
Understanding Body Language” and “SNAP Making the Most of First Impressions
Body Language and Charisma.” She is interviewed by national media every week,
including CNN, FOX NEWS, The Today Show, The History Channel, The Wall Street
Journal, Forbes and Psychology Today. You can contact her at Patti@PattiWood.net.
Dr. Sagan is an emergency physician and an attorney based in
Woodmere, New York. He can be reached at DougSegan@Yahoo.com.
Patti Wood, MA, Certified Speaking Professional - The Body Language Expert. For more body language insights go to her website at www.PattiWood.net. Check out Patti's website for her new book "SNAP, Making the Most of First Impressions, Body Language and Charisma" at www.snapfirstimpressions.com. Also check out Patti's YouTube channel at http://youtube.com/user/bodylanguageexpert.
Using Body Language Analysis to Understand the Decision Making Style of World Leaders Like Vladimir Putin
In Putin All the momentum and energy in Putin's gait comes
from the left side; it is as if the right side is just along for the ride. Even
the right side of his torso seems frozen. When he is holding a pen, his
right hand appears to have only an awkward, tenuous grasp on it. Researches
suggests this behavior could have come from a stroke during his birth. Body
Movement analyst Brenda Connors suggests for example, that Putin's instinct to
make himself whole is mirrored in his imperative to keep Russia from breaking
up—but any Russian leader would feel a similar sense of duty. The notion that
Putin displays reptilian qualities, however, is not as odd as it may sound;
even though ontogeny may not exactly recapitulate phylogeny, modern biology
does recognize links between embryonic development and the evolutionary
sequences. A characteristic of reptiles, Connors says, is that "they
patrol their borders, and if an alien enters, lunge reflexively." That is
as good a description of Putin's behavior in res
Here is the article from USA Today.
A Pentagon research team is studying the body movements of
Russian President Vladimir Putin and other world leaders in order to better
predict their actions and guide U.S. policy, Pentagon documents and interviews
show.
The "Body Leads" project backed by the Office of Net
Assessment (ONA), the think tank reporting to Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel,
uses the principles of movement pattern analysis to predict how leaders will
act.
...
ONA has backed the work of Brenda Connors, the director of Body
Leads and a research fellow at the Naval War College in Newport, R.I., since
1996, records show, and has paid about $300,000 since 2009 to outside experts
to work with her. Part of her work includes a 2008 report for ONA on Putin
called "Movement, The Brain and Decision-making, the President of Russia,
Vladimir Putin."
Connors acknowledged her work on Putin and other leaders, but declined
comment and referred all questions to Hagel's office....
Movement pattern analysis means studying an individual's
movements to gain clues about how he or she makes decisions or reacts to
events....
Last September, Rende, Connors and Colton published a paper in the academic journal Frontiers in
Psychology that detailed the uses of movement pattern analysis to determine
leaders' decision-making process. Such analysis, they wrote, "offers a
unique window into individual differences in decision-making style."
Brenda Conners was interviewed for this very, very interesting article in The
Atlantic in 2005. An excerpt:
In First Person (2000), a collection of interviews with
and about him, Vladimir Putin mentions being beaten by stronger children in his
rough-and-tumble neighborhood in Leningrad. It's not clear whether he was
generally the instigator of the combat or responding to taunts and insults he
felt should not go unchallenged. In any case, he resolved to fortify himself.
"As soon as it became clear that my pugnacious nature was not going to
keep me king of the courtyard or school grounds," he said, "I decided
to go into boxing." After getting his nose broken, he took up sambo, a
Soviet combination of judo and wrestling, and finally settled on judo. He
devoted himself to rigorous workouts and became a black belt and a city-wide
champion. He fought like a "snow leopard," his coach once said,
"determined to win at any cost."
The wonder is that he even made it into childhood. Two older
brothers had died of illnesses, one in infancy and the other at age five. When
Vladimir was born, on October 7, 1952, his mother was forty-one, and her
prenatal health had no doubt been poor. A decade earlier, during the Nazi siege
of Leningrad, there were mass deaths from starvation; "Mama herself was
half dead," Putin recalls in First Person. His father, recuperating
in a hospital from severe leg wounds caused by German shrapnel, gave her his
food. After the war "Papa" went to work as a laborer at a train-car
factory. He was given a room in a fifth-floor communal walk-up at 12 Baskov
Lane, where Putin grew up, about a twenty-minute stroll from Nevsky Prospekt,
the city's main thoroughfare. There were "hordes of rats" in the
front entryway, which the young Putin chased with sticks. Once, he cornered
one—only to have it rush at him. Frightened, Putin slammed the door shut
"in its nose."
I recently came across an intriguing hypothesis about Putin's
survival skills. Brenda L. Connors, a senior fellow in the strategic-research
department of the Naval War College, in Newport, Rhode Island, is both a former
State Department protocol and political-affairs officer and a onetime soloist
with the Erick Hawkins Dance Company. Her field of study is a distinctive one:
she is a certified "movement analyst." Because of her experience
greeting Mikhail Gorbachev and other global figures and her study of modern
dance, Connors became intrigued by how body movement—everything from a
particular way of walking to hand gestures and facial expressions—constitutes a
language for conveying not only emotion but also leadership styles and
behavioral patterns. From close analysis of physical traits, captured on tape
and examined with the help of experts in medicine, psychology, anthropology,
and other fields, she has developed character profiles of a number of world
leaders. Her work may sound esoteric, but it is endorsed by, among others,
Andrew Marshall, the legendary director of "net assessment" in the
Pentagon, and Leon Aron, a leading Russia specialist at the American Enterprise
Institute, in Washington, and the author of an acclaimed biography of Yeltsin.
Watching a tape she had made of Putin, compiled mostly from
Russian television footage. The tape rolled to a shot of Putin at his first
inauguration, in the spring of 2000, at the Andrei Hall of the Great Kremlin
Palace. "Here's the picture," she said, as we watched Putin enter the
hall and stride down a long red carpet. I saw what she meant only when she
slowed the tape—and when she did, I was taken aback. Putin's left arm and leg
were moving in an easy, natural rhythm. But his right arm, bent at the elbow,
moved in a stiff way, as if jerked by the shoulder, and the right leg dragged,
without absorbing his full weight. When she replayed the segment at normal
speed, it was easy to pick up on the impediment, and then I had no trouble
spotting it in other segments. All the momentum and energy in Putin's gait
comes from the left side; it is as if the right side is just along for the
ride. Even the right side of his torso seems frozen. When he is holding a
pen, his right hand appears to have only an awkward, tenuous grasp on it.
Connors has shown footage of Putin's walk to a range of experts,
including A. Thomas Pezzella, a cardiac-thoracic surgeon based in St. Louis;
two orthopedic surgeons and a physical therapist at the naval hospital in
Newport; and Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen, the founder of the School for Body-Mind
Centering, in Amherst, Massachusetts, who is certified as something called a
neurodevelopmental therapist. They offer a variety of conjectures: Putin
could have had a stroke, perhaps suffered in utero; he may be afflicted
with, as Pezzella speculates, an Erb's palsy, caused by a forceps tugging on
his right shoulder at birth; he could have had polio as a child (polio was
epidemic in Europe and western Russia after World War II). The stroke theory is
consistent with what appears to be the loss of neural sensation in the fingers
of his right hand. (Videotape of Putin at judo matches shows him using his
fist, rather than a splayed hand, to push himself up off the mat.) Based on
what she has seen and on her consultation with other experts, Connors doubts
that Putin ever crawled as an infant; he seems to lack what is called
contra-lateral movement and instead tends to move in a head-to-tail pattern,
like a fish or a reptile.
Connors believes that Putin's infirmities "created a strong
will that he survive and an impetus to balance and strengthen the body."
She continues, "When we are unable to do something, really hard work
becomes the way." His prowess at judo astonishes her: "He is like
that ice skater who had a club foot and became an Olympic skater."
Although her research sounds clinical, Connors empathizes with her subject.
"It is really poignant to watch him on tape," she says of Putin.
"This is a deep, old, profound loss that he has learned to cope with,
magnificently." When I heard this, it was impossible for me not to think
of another frail child possessed of a fierce will who turned to rigorous
physical exercise and pugilism and grew up to be a head of state: Theodore
Roosevelt.
Some of Connors's analytical ventures seem unconvincing. She
suggests, for example, that Putin's instinct to make himself whole is mirrored
in his imperative to keep Russia from breaking up—but any Russian leader would
feel a similar sense of duty. The notion that Putin displays reptilian qualities,
however, is not as odd as it may sound; even though ontogeny may not exactly
recapitulate phylogeny, modern biology does recognize links between embryonic
development and the evolutionary sequences. A characteristic of reptiles,
Connors says, is that "they patrol their borders, and if an alien enters,
lunge reflexively." That is as good a description of Putin's behavior in
response to militants in the northern Caucasus as any political analyst has
offered.
As the
Chechen conflict illustrates, Putin is a ferocious, even pitiless fighter. One
need not put stock in Connors's research to see that life does seem to have
taught Putin that "the weak are beaten."
What is Body Movement Analysis Used to Read World Leaders Decision Making Styles?
Here is the whole article. http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00658/full
In the MPA framework, PGMs are used to
generate two Overall Factors—Assertion and Perspective—that together represent
a signature decision-making style. The core idea is that individuals have a
need to balance their actions/motivations devoted to exerting tangible energy
in the environment in relation to pressure, time and attention focus to get
results (Assertion), vs shaping the body (with respect to the cardinal
planes of three-dimensional space—horizontal, vertical, and sagittal) to
position oneself to receive from the environment information to create the
result (Perspective). Differences in how individuals achieve their own balance
between the complementary processes of Assertion and Perspective are proposed
to capture different decision-making styles. For example, individuals high on
Assertion may employ a mindset of “nothing happens unless I make it happen.”
They rely upon decision-making motivations that include intensively focusing to
probe and classify information, applying pressure to support determination, and
pacing time to implement a decision at just the right moment. In contrast,
individuals high on Perspective are more strategic and get results by
positioning themselves. They are receptive to a broad scope of ideas and
information alternatives—they shape their bodily position to reflect on the
decision's relative value or priority and use movements to strategically
anticipate the stages of decision implementation to achieve an overall outcome
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